Page 27 - MOH Supply and Needs-Based Requirement Hyperlink 02032021

19 EXTENDED EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

With the In-and-Out Flows approach, the total available supply of HRH at time t, M , is
t
determined by adding the inflows of HRH at time t, In , and subtracting the outflows of HRH
t
at time t, O , to the total available supply of HRH in the previous time period, Mt , or
t
-1

Mt = Mt-1 + Int - Ot

Here, M represents the total headcounts of available HRH workforce at time t.
t

2.2 HRH Requirement Modelling: The Needs-based Approach

With the needs-based approach, the requirement of HRH is estimated based on population,
health care needs and have considered the following four main factors:

a) Demography (P ):
ij
The P represents the demographic elements of the whole population that captures the
ij
population size P by age group i and gender j.
b) Epidemiology (H /P ):
ij ij
The expression H /P introduces the levels and distribution of health care needs in the
ij
ij
population explicitly as a determinant of HRH requirements into the projection framework.
Here, H represents the average level of needs of individuals in age group i and gender j.
ij
c) Level of service (Q /H ):
ij ij
The expression Q /H represents the level of service determinant of HRH requirements
ij
ij
where Q is the level of healthcare services provided for each need of the population in age
ij
group i and gender j.
d) Productivity (N /Q ):
ij ij
The expression N /Q represents the inverse of the average level of productivity of HRH
ij
ij
serving population group P . It can be interpreted as the number of HRH required, N , to
ij
ij
serve the health service needs, Q , of the population group, P ..
ij ij
Suppose,
Total HRH Requirements at time t
Demography (Population size) at time t

Epidemiology status of population at time t

Level of service provided by HRH at time t

Productivity of HRH at time t
Age group
Gender

SUPPLY AND NEEDS-BASED REQUIREMENT PROJECTIONS OF MALAYSIAN HUMAN
RESOURCES FOR HEALTH USING SYSTEM DYNAMICS APPROACH 2016 - 2030